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Whole-life carbon

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ZWOF Rotterdam 2026 Netherlands NetherlandsAdaptive reuseWhole-life carbonUrban densityValue chain

Carbon decisions extend beyond the building

Boudewijn Thomas, Gideon Maasland, Joris Winters, Mattijs van Ruijven & Stefan Prins

ZWOF Los Angeles 2026 United States USAFaçade performanceWhole-life carbonResiliencePeak loads

Whole-life thinking reframes façade performance

Gijs Libourel

ZWOF Barcelona 2026 Spain AluminiumBuilding envelopeWhole-life carbonCircularitySpain

La sostenibilidad exige mirar la envolvente completa

Jesús Bona

ZWOF Sydney 2025 Australia Embodied carbonAustraliaWhole-life carbonStructural façadesCurtain walling

Collapsing structure and skin into one plane gives the lowest whole-life carbon

Scott Duncan